What is the acetylene method for preparing maleic anhydride from 1,4-butanediol?

Acetylene method for 1,4-butanediol preparation of maleic anhydride.

First, acetylene reacts with formaldehyde in the presence of a Cu-Bi catalyst at 98kPa and 80-95°C to produce 1,4-butynediol. Then, 1,4-butynediol is hydrogenated into 1,4-butenediol under the catalysis of skeletal nickel at 1.372-2.06MPa and 50-60°C. Next, further catalytic hydrogenation (13.7-20.6MPa, 120-140°C) is carried out with Ni-Cu-Mn/Al₂O₃ to form 1,4-butanediol. After removing metal ions via ion exchange resin, pure 1,4-butanediol is obtained by distillation and purification.

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